--- /dev/null
+#include "bp.h"
+
+#define max(a,b) \
+ ({ __typeof__ (a) _a = (a); \
+ __typeof__ (b) _b = (b); \
+ _a > _b ? _a : _b; })
+
+
+#define min(a,b) \
+ ({ __typeof__ (a) _a = (a); \
+ __typeof__ (b) _b = (b); \
+ _a <= _b ? _a : _b; })
+
+//#define CHECK
+#define RANDOM
+
+int msize=0;
+#define mymalloc(p,n,f) { \
+ p = (__typeof__(p)) malloc((n)*sizeof(*p)); \
+if ((p)==NULL) {printf("not enough memory (%d bytes) in line %d\n",msize,__LINE__); \
+ exit(1);}; \
+msize += (f)*(n)*sizeof(*p); \
+;}
+
+int postorder_select_bsearch(bp *b,int s);
+
+int naive_depth(bp *b, int s)
+{
+ int i,d;
+ if (s < 0) return 0;
+ d = 0;
+ for (i=0; i<=s; i++) {
+ if (getbit(b->B,i)==OP) {
+ d++;
+ } else {
+ d--;
+ }
+ }
+ return d;
+}
+
+void printbp(bp *b, int s, int t)
+{
+ int i,c,d;
+ d = 0;
+ for (i=s; i<=t; i++) {
+ if (getbit(b->B,i)==OP) {
+ c = '(';
+ d++;
+ } else {
+ c = ')';
+ d--;
+ }
+ putchar(c);
+ }
+}
+
+int *matchtbl,*parenttbl;
+void make_naivetbl(pb *B,int n)
+{
+ int i,v;
+ int *stack,s;
+
+ mymalloc(matchtbl,n,0);
+ mymalloc(parenttbl,n,0);
+ mymalloc(stack,n,0);
+
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) matchtbl[i] = parenttbl[i] = -1;
+
+ s = 0;
+ v = 0;
+ stack[0] = -1;
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
+ if (getbit(B,i)==OP) {
+ v++;
+ if (v > 0) {
+ parenttbl[i] = stack[v-1];
+ stack[v] = i;
+ }
+ } else {
+ if (v > 0) {
+ matchtbl[stack[v]] = i; // close
+ matchtbl[i] = stack[v]; // open
+ }
+ v--;
+ }
+ }
+
+ free(stack);
+}
+
+int popCount[1<<ETW];
+int fwdtbl[(2*ETW+1)*(1<<ETW)];
+int bwdtbl[(2*ETW+1)*(1<<ETW)];
+#if 0
+int mintbl_li[1<<ETW], mintbl_lv[1<<ETW];
+int mintbl_ri[1<<ETW], mintbl_rv[1<<ETW];
+int maxtbl_li[1<<ETW], maxtbl_lv[1<<ETW];
+int maxtbl_ri[1<<ETW], maxtbl_rv[1<<ETW];
+#endif
+int minmaxtbl_i[4][1<<ETW], minmaxtbl_v[4][1<<ETW];
+int degtbl[1<<ETW];
+int degtbl2[(2*ETW+1)*(1<<ETW)];
+int childtbl[(ETW)*(1<<ETW)];
+int childtbl2[2*ETW+1][ETW][(1<<ETW)];
+int depthtbl[(2*ETW+1)*(1<<ETW)];
+int inited = 0;
+void make_matchtbl(void)
+{
+ int i,j,x,r;
+ int m,M;
+ pb buf[1];
+ int deg;
+ if (inited)
+ return;
+ inited = 1;
+ for (x = 0; x < (1<<ETW); x++) {
+ setbits(buf,0,ETW,x);
+ for (r=-ETW; r<=ETW; r++) fwdtbl[((r+ETW)<<ETW)+x] = ETW;
+ for (r=-ETW; r<=ETW; r++) bwdtbl[((r+ETW)<<ETW)+x] = ETW;
+ for (r=-ETW; r<=ETW; r++) degtbl2[((r+ETW)<<ETW)+x] = 0;
+ for (r=-ETW; r<=ETW; r++) depthtbl[((r+ETW)<<ETW)+x] = 0;
+
+ r = 0;
+ for (i=0; i<ETW; i++) {
+ if (getbit(buf,i)==OP) {
+ r++;
+ } else {
+ r--;
+ }
+ if (fwdtbl[((r+ETW)<<ETW)+x] == ETW) fwdtbl[((r+ETW)<<ETW)+x] = i;
+ }
+
+ r = 0;
+ for (i=ETW-1; i>=0; i--) {
+ if (getbit(buf,i)==OP) {
+ r--;
+ } else {
+ r++;
+ }
+ if (bwdtbl[((r+ETW)<<ETW)+x] == ETW) bwdtbl[((r+ETW)<<ETW)+x] = ETW-1-i;
+ }
+
+ r = 0;
+ for (i=0; i<ETW; i++) {
+ if (getbit(buf,i)==OP) {
+ r++;
+ } else {
+ r--;
+ }
+ depthtbl[((r+ETW)<<ETW)+x] += (1<<(ETW-1));
+ }
+
+ r = 0;
+ for (i=0; i<ETW; i++) {
+ if (getbit(buf,i)==OP) r++;
+ }
+ popCount[x] = r;
+
+ r = 0; m = 0; M = 0;
+ m = ETW+1; M = -ETW-1;
+ //maxtbl_lv[x] = -ETW-1;
+ //mintbl_lv[x] = ETW+1;
+ minmaxtbl_v[OPT_MAX | OPT_LEFT][x] = -ETW-1;
+ minmaxtbl_v[OPT_MIN | OPT_LEFT][x] = ETW+1;
+ deg = 0;
+ for (i=0; i<ETW; i++) {
+ if (getbit(buf,i)==OP) {
+ r++;
+ if (r > M) {
+ M = r;
+ //maxtbl_li[x] = i; maxtbl_lv[x] = r;
+ minmaxtbl_i[OPT_MAX | OPT_LEFT][x] = i;
+ minmaxtbl_v[OPT_MAX | OPT_LEFT][x] = r;
+ }
+ } else {
+ r--;
+ if (r == m) {
+ deg++;
+ childtbl[((deg-1)<<ETW) + x] = i;
+ }
+ if (r < m) {
+ m = r;
+ //mintbl_li[x] = i; mintbl_lv[x] = r;
+ minmaxtbl_i[OPT_MIN | OPT_LEFT][x] = i;
+ minmaxtbl_v[OPT_MIN | OPT_LEFT][x] = r;
+ deg = 1;
+ childtbl[((deg-1)<<ETW) + x] = i;
+ }
+ }
+ if (r <= m) degtbl2[((r+ETW)<<ETW)+x]++;
+ }
+ degtbl[x] = deg;
+
+ r = 0; m = 0; M = 0;
+ //maxtbl_rv[x] = -ETW-1;
+ //mintbl_rv[x] = ETW+1;
+ minmaxtbl_v[OPT_MAX | OPT_RIGHT][x] = -ETW-1;
+ minmaxtbl_v[OPT_MIN | OPT_RIGHT][x] = ETW+1;
+ for (i=0; i<ETW; i++) {
+ if (getbit(buf,i)==OP) {
+ r++;
+ if (r >= M) {
+ M = r;
+ //maxtbl_ri[x] = i; maxtbl_rv[x] = r;
+ minmaxtbl_i[OPT_MAX | OPT_RIGHT][x] = i;
+ minmaxtbl_v[OPT_MAX | OPT_RIGHT][x] = r;
+ }
+ } else {
+ r--;
+ if (r <= m) {
+ m = r;
+ //mintbl_ri[x] = i; mintbl_rv[x] = r;
+ minmaxtbl_i[OPT_MIN | OPT_RIGHT][x] = i;
+ minmaxtbl_v[OPT_MIN | OPT_RIGHT][x] = r;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ for (i = 0; i < ETW; i++) {
+ for (j = -ETW; j <= ETW; j++) {
+ childtbl2[j+ETW][i][x] = -1;
+ }
+ }
+
+ for (j=-ETW; j<=ETW; j++) {
+ int ith;
+ ith = 0;
+ r = 0;
+ for (i = 0; i < ETW; i++) {
+ if (getbit(buf,i)==OP) {
+ r++;
+ } else {
+ r--;
+ if (r < j) break;
+ if (r == j) {
+ ith++;
+ childtbl2[j+ETW][ith-1][x] = i;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+}
+
+
+int bp_construct(bp *b,int n, pb *B, int opt)
+{
+ int i,j,d;
+ int m,M,ds;
+ int ns,nm;
+ byte *sm, *sM;
+ byte *sd;
+ int *mm, *mM;
+ int *md;
+ int m_ofs;
+ int r; // # of minimum values
+
+#if 0
+ if (SB % D != 0) {
+ printf("warning: SB=%d should be a multiple of D=%d\n",SB,D);
+ // not necessarily?
+ }
+ if (SB % RRR != 0) {
+ printf("warning: SB=%d should be a multiple of RRR=%d\n",SB,RRR);
+ }
+#endif
+
+ b->B = B;
+ b->n = n;
+ b->opt = opt;
+ b->idx_size = 0;
+ b->sm = NULL;
+ b->sM = NULL;
+ b->sd = NULL;
+ b->mm = NULL;
+ b->mM = NULL;
+ b->md = NULL;
+ b->da_leaf = NULL;
+ b->da_inorder = NULL;
+ b->da_postorder = NULL;
+ b->da_dfuds_leaf = NULL;
+ mymalloc(b->da,1,0);
+ darray_construct(b->da,n,B, opt & OPT_FAST_PREORDER_SELECT);
+ b->idx_size += b->da->idx_size;
+ //Kim: comment this and the following, they polute the printing of the xpath library
+ //printf("preorder rank/select table: %d bytes (%1.2f bpc)\n",b->da->idx_size,(double)b->da->idx_size*8/n);
+
+ make_matchtbl();
+
+ ns = (n+SB-1)/SB;
+ mymalloc(sm, ns, 0); b->idx_size += ns * sizeof(*sm);
+ mymalloc(sM, ns, 0); b->idx_size += ns * sizeof(*sM);
+ b->sm = sm;
+ b->sM = sM;
+ if (opt & OPT_DEGREE) {
+ mymalloc(sd, ns, 0); b->idx_size += ns * sizeof(*sd);
+ b->sd = sd;
+ //printf("SB degree table: %d bytes (%1.2f bpc)\n",ns * sizeof(*sd), (double)ns * sizeof(*sd) * 8/n);
+ }
+ //printf("SB table: %d bytes (%1.2f bpc)\n",ns * sizeof(*sm) * 2, (double)ns * sizeof(*sm)*2 * 8/n);
+
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
+ if (i % SB == 0) {
+ ds = depth(b,i);
+ m = M = ds;
+ r = 1;
+ } else {
+ d = depth(b,i);
+ if (d == m) r++;
+ if (d < m) {
+ m = d;
+ r = 1;
+ }
+ if (d > M) M = d;
+ }
+ if (i % SB == SB-1 || i==n-1) {
+ ds = depth(b,(i/SB)*SB-1);
+ if (m - ds + SB < 0 || m - ds + SB > 255) {
+ printf("error m=%d ds=%d\n",m,ds);
+ }
+ if (M - ds + 1 < 0 || M - ds + 1 > 255) {
+ printf("error M=%d ds=%d\n",M,ds);
+ }
+ sm[i/SB] = m - ds + SB;
+ sM[i/SB] = M - ds + 1;
+ if (opt & OPT_DEGREE) sd[i/SB] = r;
+ }
+ }
+
+#if 0
+ printf("sd: ");
+ for (i=0;i<n/SB;i++) printf("%d ",sd[i]);
+ printf("\n");
+#endif
+
+
+ nm = (n+MB-1)/MB;
+ m_ofs = 1 << blog(nm-1);
+ b->m_ofs = m_ofs;
+
+ mymalloc(mm, nm + m_ofs, 0); b->idx_size += (nm+m_ofs) * sizeof(*mm);
+ mymalloc(mM, nm + m_ofs, 0); b->idx_size += (nm+m_ofs) * sizeof(*mM);
+ b->mm = mm;
+ b->mM = mM;
+ if (opt & OPT_DEGREE) {
+ mymalloc(md, nm + m_ofs, 0); b->idx_size += (nm+m_ofs) * sizeof(*md);
+ b->md = md;
+ //printf("MB degree table: %d bytes (%1.2f bpc)\n",(nm+m_ofs) * sizeof(*md), (double)(nm+m_ofs) * sizeof(*md) * 8/n);
+ }
+ //printf("MB table: %d bytes (%1.2f bpc)\n",(nm+m_ofs) * sizeof(*mm) * 2, (double)(nm+m_ofs) * sizeof(*mm)*2 * 8/n);
+
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
+ d = depth(b,i);
+ if (i % MB == 0) {
+ m = M = d;
+ r = 1;
+ } else {
+ if (d == m) r++;
+ if (d < m) {
+ m = d;
+ r = 1;
+ }
+ if (d > M) M = d;
+ }
+ if (i % MB == MB-1 || i==n-1) {
+ mm[m_ofs+ i/MB] = m;
+ mM[m_ofs+ i/MB] = M;
+ if (opt & OPT_DEGREE) md[m_ofs+ i/MB] = r;
+ }
+ }
+
+ for (j=m_ofs-1; j > 0; j--) {
+ m = 0;
+ if (j*2 < nm + m_ofs) m = mm[j*2];
+ if (j*2+1 < nm + m_ofs) m = min(m,mm[j*2+1]);
+ M = 0;
+ if (j*2 < nm + m_ofs) M = mM[j*2];
+ if (j*2+1 < nm + m_ofs) M = max(M,mM[j*2+1]);
+ mm[j] = m; mM[j] = M;
+ if (opt & OPT_DEGREE) {
+ d = 0;
+ if (j*2 < nm + m_ofs) d = md[j*2];
+ if (j*2+1 < nm + m_ofs) {
+ if (mm[j*2] == mm[j*2+1]) d += md[j*2+1];
+ if (mm[j*2] > mm[j*2+1]) d = md[j*2+1];
+ }
+ md[j] = d;
+ }
+ }
+ mm[0] = -1;
+ mM[0] = mM[1];
+ if (opt & OPT_DEGREE) {
+ md[0] = -1;
+ }
+
+
+#if 0
+ printf("md: ");
+ for (i=0;i<m_ofs + n/MB;i++) printf("%d ",md[i]);
+ printf("\n");
+#endif
+
+ if (opt & OPT_LEAF) {
+ mymalloc(b->da_leaf,1,0);
+ darray_pat_construct(b->da_leaf, n, B, 2, 0x2, opt & OPT_FAST_LEAF_SELECT);
+ //printf("leaf rank/select table: %d bytes (%1.2f bpc)\n",b->da_leaf->idx_size,(double)b->da_leaf->idx_size*8/n);
+ b->idx_size += b->da_leaf->idx_size;
+ } else {
+ b->da_leaf = NULL;
+ }
+
+ if (opt & OPT_INORDER) {
+ mymalloc(b->da_inorder,1,0);
+ darray_pat_construct(b->da_inorder, n, B, 2, 0x1, opt & OPT_FAST_INORDER_SELECT);
+ //printf("inorder rank/select table: %d bytes (%1.2f bpc)\n",b->da_inorder->idx_size,(double)b->da_inorder->idx_size*8/n);
+ b->idx_size += b->da_inorder->idx_size;
+ } else {
+ b->da_inorder = NULL;
+ }
+
+ if (opt & OPT_FAST_POSTORDER_SELECT) {
+ mymalloc(b->da_postorder,1,0);
+ darray_pat_construct(b->da_postorder, n, B, 1, 0x0, (opt & OPT_FAST_POSTORDER_SELECT) | OPT_NO_RANK);
+ //printf("postorder rank/select table: %d bytes (%1.2f bpc)\n",b->da_postorder->idx_size,(double)b->da_postorder->idx_size*8/n);
+ b->idx_size += b->da_postorder->idx_size;
+ } else {
+ b->da_postorder = NULL;
+ }
+
+ if (opt & OPT_DFUDS_LEAF) {
+ mymalloc(b->da_dfuds_leaf,1,0);
+ darray_pat_construct(b->da_dfuds_leaf, n, B, 2, 0x0, opt & OPT_FAST_DFUDS_LEAF_SELECT);
+ //printf("dfuds leaf rank/select table: %d bytes (%1.2f bpc)\n",b->da_dfuds_leaf->idx_size,(double)b->da_dfuds_leaf->idx_size*8/n);
+ b->idx_size += b->da_dfuds_leaf->idx_size;
+ } else {
+ b->da_dfuds_leaf = NULL;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+// destroyTree: frees the memory of tree.
+void destroyTree(bp *b) {
+ if (!b) return; // nothing to free
+
+ destroyDarray(b->da); // destroys da data structure
+ if (b->da) free(b->da);
+
+ if (b->sm) free(b->sm);
+ if (b->sM) free(b->sM);
+ if (b->sd) free(b->sd);
+ if (b->mm) free(b->mm);
+ if (b->mM) free(b->mM);
+ if (b->md) free(b->md);
+
+ destroyDarray(b->da_leaf);
+ if (b->da_leaf) free(b->da_leaf);
+
+ destroyDarray(b->da_inorder);
+ if (b->da_inorder) free(b->da_inorder);
+
+ destroyDarray(b->da_postorder);
+ if (b->da_postorder) free(b->da_postorder);
+
+ destroyDarray(b->da_dfuds_leaf);
+ if (b->da_dfuds_leaf) free(b->da_dfuds_leaf);
+}
+
+
+// saveTree: saves parentheses data structure to file
+// By Diego Arroyuelo
+void saveTree(bp *b, FILE *fp) {
+
+ if (fwrite(&(b->n), sizeof(int), 1, fp) != 1) {
+ printf("Error: cannot save number of parentheses to file\n");
+ exit(1);
+ }
+
+ if (fwrite(b->B, sizeof(pb), (b->n+D-1)/D, fp) != ((b->n+D-1)/D)) {
+ printf("Error: cannot save parentheses sequence to file\n");
+ exit(1);
+ }
+
+ if (fwrite(&(b->opt), sizeof(int), 1, fp) != 1) {
+ printf("Error: cannot save opt in parentheses to file\n");
+ exit(1);
+ }
+}
+
+// loadTree: load parentheses data structure from file
+// By Diego Arroyuelo
+void loadTree(bp *b, FILE *fp) {
+
+ pb *B;
+ int n, opt;
+
+ if (fread(&n, sizeof(int), 1, fp) != 1) {
+ printf("Error: cannot read number of parentheses from file\n");
+ exit(1);
+ }
+
+ mymalloc(B,(n+D-1)/D,0);
+
+ if (fread(B, sizeof(pb), (n+D-1)/D, fp) != ((n+D-1)/D)) {
+ printf("Error: cannot read parentheses sequence from file\n");
+ exit(1);
+ }
+
+ if (fread(&opt, sizeof(int), 1, fp) != 1) {
+ printf("Error: cannot read opt in parentheses from file\n");
+ exit(1);
+ }
+
+ bp_construct(b, n, B, opt);
+
+}
+
+
+
+int naive_fwd_excess(bp *b,int s, int rel)
+{
+ int i,v,n;
+ pb *B;
+ n = b->n; B = b->B;
+ v = 0;
+ for (i=s+1; i<n; i++) {
+ if (getbit(B,i)==OP) {
+ v++;
+ } else {
+ v--;
+ }
+ if (v == rel) return i;
+ }
+ return -1;
+}
+
+int naive_bwd_excess(bp *b,int s, int rel)
+{
+ int i,v;
+ pb *B;
+ B = b->B;
+ v = 0;
+ for (i=s; i>=0; i--) {
+ if (getbit(B,i)==OP) {
+ v--;
+ } else {
+ v++;
+ }
+ if (v == rel) return i-1;
+ }
+ return -2;
+}
+
+int naive_search_SB_l(bp *b, int i, int rel)
+{
+ int il,v;
+
+ il = (i / SB) * SB;
+ for (; i>=il; i--) {
+ if (getbit(b->B,i)==OP) {
+ rel++;
+ } else {
+ rel--;
+ }
+ if (rel == 0) return i-1;
+ }
+ if (i < 0) return -2;
+ return -3;
+}
+
+int naive_rmq(bp *b, int s, int t,int opt)
+{
+ int d,i,dm,im;
+
+ if (opt & OPT_RIGHT) {
+ d = dm = depth(b,t); im = t;
+ i = t-1;
+ while (i >= s) {
+ if (getbit(b->B,i+1)==CP) {
+ d++;
+ if (opt & OPT_MAX) {
+ if (d > dm) {
+ dm = d; im = i;
+ }
+ }
+ } else {
+ d--;
+ if (!(opt & OPT_MAX)) {
+ if (d < dm) {
+ dm = d; im = i;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ i--;
+ }
+ } else {
+ d = dm = depth(b,s); im = s;
+ i = s+1;
+ while (i <= t) {
+ if (getbit(b->B,i)==OP) {
+ d++;
+ if (opt & OPT_MAX) {
+ if (d > dm) {
+ dm = d; im = i;
+ }
+ }
+ } else {
+ d--;
+ if (!(opt & OPT_MAX)) {
+ if (d < dm) {
+ dm = d; im = i;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ i++;
+ }
+ }
+ return im;
+}
+
+int root_node(bp *b)
+{
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+int rank_open(bp *b, int s)
+{
+ return darray_rank(b->da,s);
+}
+
+int rank_close(bp *b, int s)
+{
+ return s+1 - darray_rank(b->da,s);
+}
+
+int select_open(bp *b, int s)
+{
+ if (b->opt & OPT_FAST_PREORDER_SELECT) {
+ return darray_select(b->da,s,1);
+ } else {
+ return darray_select_bsearch(b->da,s,getpat_preorder);
+ }
+}
+
+int select_close(bp *b, int s)
+{
+ if (b->opt & OPT_FAST_POSTORDER_SELECT) {
+ return darray_pat_select(b->da_postorder,s,getpat_postorder);
+ } else {
+ return postorder_select_bsearch(b,s);
+ }
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+// find_close(bp *b,int s)
+// returns the matching close parenthesis of s
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+int find_close(bp *b,int s)
+{
+ return fwd_excess(b,s,-1);
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+// find_open(bp *b,int s)
+// returns the matching open parenthesis of s
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+int find_open(bp *b,int s)
+{
+ int r;
+ r = bwd_excess(b,s,0);
+ if (r >= -1) return r+1;
+ return -1;
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+// parent(bp *b,int s)
+// returns the parent of s
+// -1 if s is the root
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+int parent(bp *b,int s)
+{
+ int r;
+ r = bwd_excess(b,s,-2);
+ if (r >= -1) return r+1;
+ return -1;
+}
+
+int enclose(bp *b,int s)
+{
+ return parent(b,s);
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+// level_ancestor(bp *b,int s,int d)
+// returns the ancestor of s with relative depth d (d < 0)
+// -1 if no such node
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+int level_ancestor(bp *b,int s,int d)
+{
+ int r;
+ r = bwd_excess(b,s,d-1);
+ if (r >= -1) return r+1;
+ return -1;
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+// lca(bp *b, int s, int t)
+// returns the lowest common ancestor of s and t
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+int lca(bp *b, int s, int t)
+{
+ return parent(b,rmq(b,s,t,0)+1);
+}
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+// preorder_rank(bp *b,int s)
+// returns the preorder (>= 1) of node s (s >= 0)
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+int preorder_rank(bp *b,int s)
+{
+ return darray_rank(b->da,s);
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+// preorder_select(bp *b,int s)
+// returns the node with preorder s (s >= 1)
+// -1 if no such node
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+int preorder_select(bp *b,int s)
+{
+ // no error handling
+ if (b->opt & OPT_FAST_PREORDER_SELECT) {
+ return darray_select(b->da,s,1);
+ } else {
+ return darray_select_bsearch(b->da,s,getpat_preorder);
+ }
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+// postorder_rank(bp *b,int s)
+// returns the postorder (>= 1) of node s (s >= 0)
+// -1 if s-th bit is not OP
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+int postorder_rank(bp *b,int s)
+{
+ int t;
+ if (inspect(b,s) == CP) return -1;
+ t = find_close(b,s);
+ // return t+1 - darray_rank(b->da,t);
+ return rank_close(b,t);
+}
+
+int postorder_select_bsearch(bp *b,int s)
+{
+ int l,r,m;
+
+ if (s == 0) return -1;
+
+ if (s > b->da->n - b->da->m) {
+ return -1;
+ }
+ l = 0; r = b->da->n - 1;
+
+ while (l < r) {
+ m = (l+r)/2;
+ //printf("m=%d rank=%d s=%d\n",m,m+1 - darray_rank(b->da,m),s);
+ if (m+1 - darray_rank(b->da,m) >= s) {
+ r = m;
+ } else {
+ l = m+1;
+ }
+ }
+ return l;
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+// postorder_select(bp *b,int s)
+// returns the position of CP of the node with postorder s (>= 1)
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+int postorder_select(bp *b,int s)
+{
+#if 0
+ if (b->opt & OPT_FAST_POSTORDER_SELECT) {
+ return darray_pat_select(b->da_postorder,s,getpat_postorder);
+ } else {
+ return postorder_select_bsearch(b->da,s);
+ }
+#else
+ return select_close(b,s);
+#endif
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+// leaf_rank(bp *b,int s)
+// returns the number of leaves to the left of s
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+int leaf_rank(bp *b,int s)
+{
+ if ((b->opt & OPT_LEAF) == 0) {
+ printf("leaf_rank: error!!! not supported\n");
+ return -1;
+ }
+ if (s >= b->n-1) {
+ s = b->n-2;
+ }
+ return darray_pat_rank(b->da_leaf,s,getpat_leaf);
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+// leaf_select(bp *b,int s)
+// returns the position of s-th leaf
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+int leaf_select(bp *b,int s)
+{
+ if ((b->opt & OPT_LEAF) == 0) {
+ printf("leaf_select: error!!! not supported\n");
+ return -1;
+ }
+ if (s > b->da_leaf->m) return -1;
+ if (b->opt & OPT_FAST_LEAF_SELECT) {
+ return darray_pat_select(b->da_leaf,s,getpat_leaf);
+ } else {
+ return darray_select_bsearch(b->da_leaf,s,getpat_leaf);
+ }
+}
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+// inorder_rank(bp *b,int s)
+// returns the number of ")(" (s >= 0)
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+int inorder_rank(bp *b,int s)
+{
+ if ((b->opt & OPT_INORDER) == 0) {
+ printf("inorder_rank: error!!! not supported\n");
+ return -1;
+ }
+ if (s >= b->n-1) {
+ s = b->n-2;
+ }
+ return darray_pat_rank(b->da_inorder,s,getpat_inorder);
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+// inorder_select(bp *b,int s)
+// returns the s-th position of ")(" (s >= 1)
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+int inorder_select(bp *b,int s)
+{
+ if ((b->opt & OPT_INORDER) == 0) {
+ printf("inorder_select: error!!! not supported\n");
+ return -1;
+ }
+ if (b->opt & OPT_FAST_INORDER_SELECT) {
+ return darray_pat_select(b->da_inorder,s,getpat_inorder);
+ } else {
+ return darray_select_bsearch(b->da_inorder,s,getpat_inorder);
+ }
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+// leftmost_leaf(bp *b, int s)
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+int leftmost_leaf(bp *b, int s)
+{
+ if ((b->opt & OPT_LEAF) == 0) {
+ printf("leftmost_leaf: error!!! not supported\n");
+ return -1;
+ }
+ return leaf_select(b,leaf_rank(b,s)+1);
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+// rightmost_leaf(bp *b, int s)
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+int rightmost_leaf(bp *b, int s)
+{
+ int t;
+ if ((b->opt & OPT_LEAF) == 0) {
+ printf("leftmost_leaf: error!!! not supported\n");
+ return -1;
+ }
+ t = find_close(b,s);
+ return leaf_select(b,leaf_rank(b,t));
+}
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+// inspect(bp *b, int s)
+// returns OP (==1) or CP (==0) at s-th bit (0 <= s < n)
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+int inspect(bp *b, int s)
+{
+ if (s < 0 || s >= b->n) {
+ printf("inspect: error s=%d is out of [%d,%d]\n",s,0,b->n-1);
+ }
+ return getbit(b->B,s);
+}
+
+int isleaf(bp *b, int s)
+{
+ if (inspect(b,s) != OP) {
+ printf("isleaf: error!!! B[%d] = OP\n",s);
+ }
+ if (inspect(b,s+1) == CP) return 1;
+ else return 0;
+}
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+// subtree_size(bp *b, int s)
+// returns the number of nodes in the subtree of s
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+int subtree_size(bp *b, int s)
+{
+ return (find_close(b,s) - s + 1) / 2;
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+// first_child(bp *b, int s)
+// returns the first child
+// -1 if s is a leaf
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+int first_child(bp *b, int s)
+{
+ if (inspect(b,s+1) == CP) return -1;
+ return s+1;
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+// next_sibling(bp *b,int s)
+// returns the next sibling of parent(s)
+// -1 if s is the last child
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+int next_sibling(bp *b, int s)
+{
+ int t;
+ t = find_close(b,s)+1;
+ if (t >= b->n) {
+ printf("next_sibling: error s=%d t=%d\n",s,t);
+ }
+ if (inspect(b,t) == CP) return -1;
+ return t;
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+// prev_sibling(bp *b,int s)
+// returns the previous sibling of parent(s)
+// -1 if s is the first child
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+int prev_sibling(bp *b, int s)
+{
+ int t;
+ if (s < 0) {
+ printf("prev_sibling: error s=%d\n",s);
+ }
+ if (s == 0) return -1;
+ if (inspect(b,s-1) == OP) return -1;
+ t = find_open(b,s-1);
+ return t;
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+// deepest_node(bp *b,int s)
+// returns the first node with the largest depth in the subtree of s
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+int deepest_node(bp *b,int s)
+{
+ int t,m;
+ t = find_close(b,s);
+ m = rmq(b,s,t, OPT_MAX);
+ return m;
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+// subtree_height(bp *b,int s)
+// returns the height of the subtree of s
+// 0 if s is a leaf
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+int subtree_height(bp *b,int s)
+{
+ int t;
+ t = deepest_node(b,s);
+ return depth(b,t) - depth(b,s);
+}
+
+int naive_degree(bp *b, int s)
+{
+ int t,d;
+ d = 0;
+ t = first_child(b,s);
+ while (t >= 0) {
+ d++;
+ t = next_sibling(b,t);
+ }
+ return d;
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+// degree(bp *b, int s)
+// returns the number of children of s
+// 0 if s is a leaf
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+int degree(bp *b, int s)
+{
+ if (b->opt & OPT_DEGREE) {
+ return fast_degree(b,s,b->n,0);
+ } else {
+ return naive_degree(b,s);
+ }
+}
+
+int naive_child(bp *b, int s, int d)
+{
+ int t,i;
+ t = first_child(b,s);
+ for (i = 1; i < d; i++) {
+ if (t == -1) break;
+ t = next_sibling(b,t);
+ }
+ return t;
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+// child(bp *b, int s, int d)
+// returns the d-th child of s (1 <= d <= degree(s))
+// -1 if no such node
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+int child(bp *b, int s, int d)
+{
+ int r;
+ if (b->opt & OPT_DEGREE) {
+ //return find_open(b,fast_degree(b,s,b->n,d));
+ if (d==1) return first_child(b,s);
+ r = fast_degree(b,s,b->n,d-1)+1;
+ if (inspect(b,r) == CP) return -1;
+ return r;
+ } else {
+ return naive_child(b,s,d);
+ }
+
+}
+
+
+int naive_child_rank(bp *b, int t)
+{
+ int v,d;
+ d = 0;
+ while (t != -1) {
+ d++;
+ t = prev_sibling(b,t);
+ }
+ return d;
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+// child_rank(bp *b, int t)
+// returns d if t is the d-th child of the parent of t (d >= 1)
+// 1 if t is the root
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+int child_rank(bp *b, int t)
+{
+ int r;
+ if (t == root_node(b)) return 1;
+ if (b->opt & OPT_DEGREE) {
+ r = parent(b,t);
+ return fast_degree(b,r,t,0)+1;
+ } else {
+ return naive_child_rank(b,t);
+ }
+}
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+// is_ancestor(bp *b, int s, int t)
+// returns 1 if s is an ancestor of t
+// 0 otherwise
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+int is_ancestor(bp *b, int s, int t)
+{
+ int v;
+ v = find_close(b,s);
+ if (s <= t && t <= v) return 1;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+// distance(bp *b, int s, int t)
+// returns the length of the shortest path from s to t in the tree
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+int distance(bp *b, int s, int t)
+{
+ int v,d;
+ v = lca(b,s,t);
+ d = depth(b,v);
+ return (depth(b,s) - d) + (depth(b,t) - d);
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+// level_next(bp *b, int d)
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+int level_next(bp *b,int s)
+{
+ int t;
+ t = fwd_excess(b,s,0);
+ return t;
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+// level_prev(bp *b, int d)
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+int level_prev(bp *b,int s)
+{
+ int t;
+ t = bwd_excess(b,s,0);
+ return t;
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+// level_leftmost(bp *b, int d)
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+int level_leftmost(bp *b, int d)
+{
+ int t;
+ if (d < 1) return -1;
+ if (d == 1) return 0;
+ t = fwd_excess(b,0,d);
+ return t;
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+// level_rigthmost(bp *b, int d)
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+int level_rigthmost(bp *b, int d)
+{
+ int t;
+ if (d < 1) return -1;
+ if (d == 1) return 0;
+ t = bwd_excess(b,0,d-1);
+ return find_open(b,t);
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+// leaf_size(bp *b, int s)
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+int leaf_size(bp *b, int s)
+{
+ int t;
+ if ((b->opt & OPT_LEAF) == 0) {
+ printf("leaf_size: error!!! not supported\n");
+ return -1;
+ }
+ t = find_close(b,s);
+ return leaf_rank(b,t) - leaf_rank(b,s);
+}