-</code>
- Le processus est suspendu, la fenêtre est gelée (ne répond plus).
- </p>
- </div>
- <div class="sws-slide">
- <h1>Processus et terminal</h1>
- <p> <span>On peut reprendre l'exécution du programme de deux
- manières:<br/>
- <code> $ fg </code><br/>
- Reprend l'exécution du processus et le remet en avant plan (terminal
- bloqué)</span><br/>
- <span class="sws-pause"><code> $ bg </code><br/>
- Reprend l'exécution du processus et le remet en arrière plan (terminal
-libre)</span><br/>
- <span class="sws-pause">On peut lancer un programme
- directement en arrière plan en faisant:<br/>
-<code> $ gedit & </code><br/></span>
- <span class="sws-pause">On peut envoyer un signal à un
- processus avec la commande « <code>kill [-signal] pid</code> »<br/>
-<code> $ kill -9 2345 </code></span>
- </p>
- </div>
- <div class="sws-slide">
- <h1>Processus et entrées/sorties</h1>
- <p>Le terminal et le processus sont liés par trois fichiers
- spéciaux:</p>
- <ol>
- <li> L'entrée standard (<code><em>stdin</em></code>), reliée
- au clavier</li>
- <li> La sortie standard (<code><em>stdout</em></code>), reliée
- à l'affichage</li>
- <li> La sortie d'erreur (<code><em>stderr</em></code>), reliée
- à l'affichage</li>
- </ol>
- <p>Dans le <i>shell</i>, on peut utiliser les
- opérateurs <code><em><</em></code>, <code><em>></em></code>
- et <code><em>2></em></code> pour récupérer le contenu
- de <code><em>stdin</em></code>, <code><em>stdout</em></code>
- et <code><em>stderr</em></code>:<br/>
-<code>
-$ sort < toto.txt
-$ ls -l > liste_fichiers.txt
-$ ls -l * 2> erreurs.txt
-</code>
-</p>
-</div>
- <div class="sws-slide">
- <h1>Processus et entrées/sorties</h1>
- <p>Dans le <i>shell</i>, l'opérateur <em>|</em> permet
- d'enchaîner la sortie d'un programme avec l'entrée d'un
- autre:<br/>
-<code> $ <span style="color:green;">ls -l *.txt</span> | <span style="color:blue">sort -n -r -k 5</span> | <span style="color:orange">head -n 1</span></code>
- </p>
- <ol>
- <li style="color:green;">affiche la liste détaillée des
- fichiers textes</li>
- <li style="color:blue;">trie (et affiche) l'entrée standard par ordre
- numérique décroissant selon le 5ème champ</li>
- <li style="color:orange;">affiche la première ligne de
- l'entrée standard</li>
- </ol>
- <div style="height:5em;position:relative;margin:0 0;padding:0 0;">
-<code class="sws-onframe-1" style="position:absolute;color:green;"> -rw-rw-r 1 kim kim 471 Sep 14 16:25 bd.txt
- -rw-rw-r 1 kim kim 234 Sep 15 17:46 foo.txt
- -rw-rw-r 1 kim kim 1048576 Sep 24 09:20 large.txt</code>
-<code class="sws-onframe-2" style="position:absolute;color:blue;"> -rw-rw-r 1 kim kim 1048576 Sep 24 09:20 large.txt
- -rw-rw-r 1 kim kim 471 Sep 14 16:25 bd.txt
- -rw-rw-r 1 kim kim 234 Sep 15 17:46 foo.txt
-</code>
-<code class="sws-onframe-3" style="position:absolute;color:orange;"> -rw-rw-r 1 kim kim 1048576 Sep 24 09:20 large.txt
-</code>
- </div>
-
- </div>
-<div class="sws-slide">
- <h1>Processus de type <i>daemon</i></h1>
-<p>
- Un <i>daemon</i> (prononcé démon) est un processus
- qui <em>non-interactif</em> qui tourne en tâche de fond (pas
- d'entrée/sortie sur le terminal, pas d'interface graphique, …). On
- communique avec ce processus via des <em>signaux</em> ou en lisant
- ou écrivant dans des fichiers ou connexions réseau. Le plus souvent,
- leur but est de fournir un <em>service</em>
-</p>
-<p>Exemple de scénario: « <i> Les utilisateurs doivent interagir avec
- le matériel. L'accès au matériel demande des droits
- administrateur.</i> »
-</p>
-<ul class="empty">
- <li>Solution 1 : tout le monde est administrateur (DOS, Win XP,
- …)</li>
- <li>Solution 2 : on crée un programme particulier qui a les
- privilèges suffisants pour la tâche en question. Les utilisateurs
- communiquent avec ce programme</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-<div class="sws-slide">
- <h1>Quelques <i>daemons</i> sous Linux</h1>
-<table class="simple">
-<tr><th>Nom</th> <th>Description</th> </tr>
-<tr><td>sshd</td> <td><i>shell</i> distant sécurisé</td> </tr>
-<tr><td>crond</td> <td>exécution périodique de programmes</td> </tr>
-<tr><td>cupsd</td> <td>serveur d'impressions</td> </tr>
-<tr><td>pulseaudio</td> <td>serveur de son (mixe les sons des
- différentes applications)</td> </tr>
-<tr><td>udevd</td> <td>détection de matériel <i>hotplug</i></td></tr>
-<tr><td>nfsd</td> <td>serveur de fichier réseau</td></tr>
-<tr><td>smtpd</td> <td>livraison des e-mail</td></tr>
-<tr class="sws-pause"><td><em>httpd</em></td> <td>serveur de pages Web</td></tr>
-</table>
-</div>
-<div class="sws-slide">
-<h1>Architecture client-serveur</h1>
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-</svg>
-<p>
- <br/><br/>
- Des processus <span style="color:blue;">clients</span> communiquent
- avec le <span style="color:orange;">serveur</span> à travers le
- réseau. Les clients sont indépendant et ne communiquent pas entre
- eux. <em>Attention</em> plusieurs clients peuvent se trouver su la
- même machine physique!
-</p>
-</div>
-<div class="sws-slide">
- <h1>Architecture client-serveur</h1>
-<ul>
- <li>Le serveur attend des connexions entrantes</li>
- <li>Les clients peuvent se connecter à tout moment</li>
- <li>L'application client est généralement légère, envoie une
- requête au serveur et attend un résultat</li>
- <li>Le serveur est une application plus lourde qui:
- <ul><li>effectue des calculs trop coûteux pour le client</li>
- <li>gère l'accès à une ressource distante partagée<br/>…</li>
- </ul>
- </li>
-</ul>
-<p>Exemples: serveur de bases de données, serveur mail, serveur Web,
- terminal de carte bancaire, …</p>
-</div>